Speaker 0:  we are using granny smith apples to rebuild the human body, and the data shows it actually outperforms our current medical tech. if you or someone you know suffers from joint pain, this plant based breakthrough is about to completely change the economics of modern surgery. now apples rebuild human joint cartilage. scientists have discovered grown functional human cartilage by stripping the cells have sorry. scientists have successfully grown. i said discovered. i don't know what i'm doing. scientists have successfully grown functional human cartilage by stripping the cells out of ordinary apples and seeding the remaining structural skeleton with human stem cells. this provides a cheap, perfectly shaped three d porous framework that encourages cell to grow into actual tissue. this completely disrupts the 1,580,000,000 cartilage regeneration market by replacing expensive, hard to source synthetic or human donor scaffolds with an abundant pennies on the dollar kitchen fruit. what do you think about this, john?

Speaker 1:  i love this. so we we've been trying to cover this for the last couple weeks. so i'm super excited about this because, like, for those of you that don't know, cartilage itself, it's very difficult to repair. it's one of the hardest tissues in the body to regenerate because it has no blood supply. it contains very few cells. nutrient delivery is limited, and healing capacity is extremely poor. so, and and those of you that are getting older know this. like, once cartilage and joints degrade such as osteoarthritis, the body has very limited ability to rebuild it naturally. and so current treatments are often imperfect. so you've got steroid injections. you've got pain management, which sucks. you've got microfracture surgery. you've got artificial implants, joint replacements. and so tissue engineering, that aims to create biologically functional replacement cartilage instead. now the major challenge is not merely growing cells. it's more organizing them into durable, mechanically functional tissue that's capable of surviving inside joints under enormous compressive stress. so why apples? right? where does this come from? so at first glance, you would think that apples are biologically unrelated to cartilage. and like you said here, the important feature, it's not the biology, it's the structure. so the internal porous architecture of apple tissue contains interconnected microchannels. it mimics extracellular matrix organization. it allows nutrient diffusion. it supports cell attachment and provides mechanical support. so cellulose itself is biocompatible. it's nontoxic. it's structurally stable. it's easily shaped and widely available. right? so researchers have been exploring plant derived scaffolds for over a decade because plants contain, naturally vascular like structures and fibrous frameworks that resemble human tissue scaffolds surprisingly well. and the apple's pore structure is particularly interesting because its geometry, it actually resembles some aspects of trabecular bone and cartilage tissue organization, which i like, if i hadn't read this article, i wouldn't believe it to be true. what are your thoughts on this, greg? i think this could be a potential game changer for a lot of people.

Speaker 0:  well, it sounds like it's a potential game changer for a lot of different things now that, we've discovered you can do this with an apple. what else could you do this with? and or, what other types of things and cartilage can you make with an apple or these other products that can change? yeah. this is a game changer for the industry. you're not relying on, a lot of the really expensive and, whatnot, mechanics related to the joint. i've had a buddy who had a hip surgery and had his hip replaced and stuff, and it would have been a completely different scenario with this. think of this update like renovating an old house. instead of paying a fortune to manufacture a brand new steel frame from scratch, scientists are taking an old wooden barn, the apple, gutting everything inside, cleaning it down to the studs, and use the exact same existing framework to build a modern luxury home. the plant structure serves as a perfect prebuilt scaffolding. the human stem cells are just constructing crew the construction crew moving into the end to finish the job. so this is currently in the laboratory as a proof of concept, and it faces a standard five to fifteen year biomedical pipeline spanning animal trials, human clinical trials, and regulatory approval before hitting hospitals. so we're not likely to see this, in a while. they are targeting patients suffering from osteoarthritis, over five hundred million people globally, sports industries, or those requiring reconstructive ear or nose surgeries following cancer or trauma treatment.

Speaker 1:  what's so i know i touched on it briefly, but, the biggest challenge is the mechanical strength of this. right? so the engineered cartilage, it has to survive enormous mechanical strikes. because if you think of cartilage, like, it connects a bunch of things. so it within the joints, and it's within the human joints. so they experience compression. they experience sheer force, repetitive loading, constant motion. and so up to now, many lab grown tissues look promising by but look promising biologically, but fail mechanically. and so this is why they're continuing to study the scaffold structures, cross linking, reinforcing materials, and mechanical condition inside bioreactors. so there's a lot of studies that actually note that apple derived scaffold may currently be more suitable for more lower load applications unless further engineered. so maybe it's not just the apple based cartilage. it's a mixture of a bunch of different things. but this discovery of of the of the potential apple being used in this is huge.

Speaker 0:  yeah. this is the potential applications and what we can do for the treatment of humans, in a few years as a result of this, potential is amazing. the dimensions, apple slices to exactly five millimeters thick and 10 millimeters in diameter. they were treated with 1% sodium docile sulfate for twenty four hours to completely decellularize the tissue. the resulting plant scaffolds contain less than 50 nanograms of dna per milligram of tissue. so just trying to show you, what it was like on a purity point of view. you talked about the plant derived cellulose. the biological magic trick here relies on hypoxia. cartilage naturally lives in a very low oxygen environment within the human body because it lacks blood supply. researchers found that mimicking this exact low oxygen state in a lab supercharged the stem cells ability to transition into cartilage on the appled scaffolding. while the french team at the universes, the knee normandie achieved this cartilage milestone, they actually built upon a foundation, biopolymer research out of canada, where open source proof of concepts originally proved mammalian cells could happily survive on plant cellulose. so shout out to canada there. and, apples are just a gateway fruit. did you know that, john? apples are just a gateway fruit. be careful. the plant kingdom is highly specialized because different tissues require different structural architects. scientists are currently experimenting with celery to see if it's long, fibrous channels can be used to map out the human blood vessels or spinal cord nerve pass and other things. so we wanna keep that in mind. but keep in mind, petri dishes are not people, while cellular gene expression looks phenomenal in a lab dish real test in mechanical durability and immune response. plant cellulose cannot be naturally degraded by human enzymes. we don't know yet how a human joint will handle permanent piece of modified apple infrastructure under physical stress, walking, or running over ten years. so keep an eye on this. i love this. nature spent millions of years perfecting cellular architecture, and medicine is finally smart enough to stop reinventing the wheel and just copy and paste from the produce file. if you needed a joist for joint replacement, would you trust a piece of high-tech synthetic plastic, or would you let doctors implant a modified granny smith apple in your knee? let us know in the chat.